Competencias profesionales en especialistas en cirugía general

Introducción: el nivel de competencias de los profesionales ha constituido una preocupación de los sistemas de salud para incrementar la calidad de los servicios. Las funciones y acciones de los cirujanos generales son de vital importancia, por lo que resulta imprescindible que el capital humano que se desempeña en esta actividad posea las competencias requeridas. Esto motivó la realización de una tesis doctoral, que tiene como objetivo la elaboración de una metodología para la formación y desarrollo de las competencias profesionales en los especialistas en cirugía general. La investigación, cuyos resultados preliminares constituyen el presente trabajo, se realizó en el Hospital Universitario Clínico Quirúrgico Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández, de Matanzas. Objetivo: caracterizar el estado actual de las competencias profesionales en los especialistas en cirugía general. Materiales y métodos: del nivel teórico, se utilizaron: análisis documental, análisis sintético, análisis histórico-lógico, sistematización, inducción-deducción, modelación y enfoque de sistema. Del nivel empírico, la encuesta. Resultados: se mostraron algunas deficiencias en las competencias profesionales e insatisfacciones que afectan la cultura organizacional. Conclusiones: el proceso realizado, combinado con los fundamentos teóricos, ratificó la necesidad de la elaboración de una metodología para la formación y desarrollo de competencias profesionales en los especialistas en cirugía general, como alternativa de las ciencias de la educación médica para resolver las dificultades encontradas.

Introduction: the professionals' level of competences has been a concern of health systems to increase the quality of the services. The functions and actions of general surgeons are of vital importance, so it is essential for the human capital that carries out this activity, to have the required competences. This motivated the completion of a doctoral thesis which aims to the realization of a methodology for training and developing professional competences in general surgery specialists. The research, whose preliminary results are the present work, was carried out in the Clinical Surgical University Hospital Comandante Faustino Perez Hernandez, in Matanzas. Objective: to characterize the current state of professional competences in general surgery specialists. Materials and methods: from the theoretical level, the following methods were used: documental analysis, synthetic analysis, historic logical analysis, systematization, induction-deduction, modeling and system approach. From the empiric level, the survey was used. Results: some deficiencies in the professional competences and in satisfactions that affect the organizational culture were shown. Conclusions: the process carried out, combined with theoretical fundaments, ratified the need of elaborating a methodology for training and developing professional competences in general surgery specialists, as alternative to the medical education sciences for solving the difficulties found.

Propuesta de competencias profesionales específicas para la formación de los especialistas en gastroenterología / A proposal of specific professional competences for the training of gastroenterology specialists

Introducción: La formación con calidad del capital humano en el sector salud constituye un reto para la educación médica cubana contemporánea. La formación académica, en particular la especialidad, tiene el cometido de formar un profesional con alta competencia y avanzadas capacidades para el desempeño especializado, solidez de los principios ético-morales y elevada calificación científico-técnica, por lo que el desarrollo de competencias profesionales resulta una prioridad para la formación de los especialistas biomédicos. Objetivo: Elaborar una propuesta de competencias profesionales específicas para la formación de los especialistas en gastroenterología. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio educacional, de investigación aplicativa, bajo el enfoque general dialéctico-materialista, con fundamento en teorías y enfoques filosóficos, psicológicos y legales de las leyes de la educación, y de la educación médica en particular. Asimismo, se utilizaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadístico-matemáticos. Resultados: Se elaboró una definición operativa de competencias profesionales específicas en gastroenterología, a partir del estudio del sistema de competencias y de la sistematización de los documentos rectores en dicha formación. También se identificaron y definieron las competencias profesionales específicas en las áreas asistencial, docente, investigativa y de dirección, que posibilitaron la mejora en el desempeño profesional de los futuros especialistas. Conclusiones: La formación basada en el desarrollo de competencias profesionales específicas constituye una prioridad para la educación médica y la salud pública cubana contemporánea, en aras de elevar la calidad del proceso formativo en la especialidad de gastroenterología y la atención médica que brindan estos galenos en los niveles de atención en salud(AU)

Introduction: The quality training of human capital in the health sector is a challenge for contemporary Cuban medical education. Academic training, particularly the residence, has the task of training a professional with high competence and advanced capabilities for specialized performance, solid ethical-moral principles and high scientific-technical qualification; therefore, the development of professional competences is a priority for the training of biomedical specialists. Objective: To elaborate a proposal of specific professional competences for the training of gastroenterology specialists. Methods: An educational study of applicative research was carried out under the general dialectical-materialistic approach and based on philosophical, psychological and legal theories and approaches of the laws of education and, particularly, of medical education. Theoretical, empirical and statistical-mathematical methods were also used. Results: An operational definition of specific professional competences in gastroenterology was elaborated, based on the study of the system of competences and the systematization of the guiding documents for such training. Specific professional competences were also identified and defined in the care, teaching, research and management areas, which allowed to improve the professional performance of future specialists. Conclusions: Training based on the development of specific professional competences is a priority for contemporary Cuban public health and medical education, in view of raising the quality of the training process in the specialty of gastroenterology and the medical care provided by these physicians at the levels of healthcare(AU)

Impacto de los Intercambios Estudiantiles sobre las competencias de los estudiantes de Medicina Veterinaria / Impact of International Student Exchanges on the competences in Veterinary Medicine students

Resumen El presente estudio se propone analizar de qué manera incide el proceso de movilidad estudiantil en la formación de competencias profesionales en los estudiantes de Medicina Veterinaria de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral que participaron en el Programa Internacional de Movilidad de Estudiantes durante el año 2019. La estrategia metodológica está basada en el estudio de casos donde se combinan las perspectivas cuantitativa y cualitativa, entendiendo que estos dos planteamientos son complementarios y que además permiten realizar una triangulación para responder de forma más adecuada a los objetivos de la investigación. Dentro de los principales aportes de la experiencia de movilidad surge la necesidad de reconocer que es un espacio en el que conviven diferentes procesos de enseñanza y de aprendizaje; favoreciendo en quienes tienen la oportunidad de participar el desarrollo de nuevas competencias mediante el acercamiento a nuevas culturas y lenguajes, actividades de investigación, modos de circulación del conocimiento; que habilitan a ampliar la visión de los estudiantes al sumergirse en nuevos sistemas de educación. Asimismo, la movilidad académica internacional posibilita que los alumnos puedan vivenciar múltiples situaciones en las que deben poner en juego diversas competencias.

Abstract This study aims to account for the development of professional competences in Veteri-nary Medicine students involved in an International Student Exchanges. It was carried out with Veterinary Medicine students from Universidad Nacional del Litoral who participated in an International Student Mobility Program during 2019, and it analyzes the impact of student mobility on the formation of professional competences. The methodological strategy applied was the case study, where the quantitative and qualitative perspectives are combined. This triangulation allowed addressing the objectives of the study more adequately. Among the main contributions of the experience, it was found that it is a space where different teaching and learning processes favor the development of new competences in those who have the opportunity to participate in new education systems by approaching new cultures and languages, research projects and ways of knowledge circulation, thus enabling to broaden their horizons. Likewise, international academic mobility enables students to experience multiple situations in which they must employ various skills and attitudes.

La formación médica en el ámbito de las capacidades, según las necesidades del entorno / Medical training concerning capacities, based on the setting-related needs

Introducción: El análisis crítico y la modificación de la formación médica en Colombia es un asunto de gran relevancia en el sistema educativo universitario. Los procesos educativos y formativos de los médicos no pueden estar a espaldas de las realidades actuales, de los contextos contemporáneos y de las diferentes necesidades que han determinado las nuevas condiciones de orden legal, político, económico y cultural. Objetivo: Identificar las necesidades en la formación médica en el ámbito de las capacidades, de acuerdo con las necesidades del entorno, en el programa de Medicina de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Manizales. Métodos: Estudio exploratorio, diagnóstico y descriptivo, con enfoque empírico analítico, a partir de preguntas validadas por expertos y utilizadas en grupos focales. Los datos y la información obtenidos se analizaron estructuralmente a través de Atlas Ti, para obtener categorías emergentes. Estas fueron descritas a través de redes semánticas, las cuales, de manera complementaria, se confrontaron con categorías empíricas. Resultados: Los resultados precisaron que la profesión médica como ocupación atiende fundamentalmente a la definición convencional de competencias, que expresa que estas son un saber hacer en contexto. Se encontraron capacidades como: proactividad, toma de decisiones, empatía, perfil investigado y habilidades comunicativas, como perfiles de mayor importancia. Conclusiones: El estudio mostró la importancia de orientar la formación médica integral con un currículo flexible, donde se puedan dar procesos educativos problematizantes. Asimismo, se evidenció la relevancia de la práctica(AU)

Introduction: Critical analysis and modification of medical training in Colombia is a matter of great relevance in the university educational system. Educational and training processes for physicians cannot be ignored by current realities, in contemporary contexts and considering the different needs that have determined the new legal, political, economic and cultural conditions. Objective: To identify the needs in medical training in the field of skills, according to the needs of the environment, in the Medicine major's program of the School of Health Sciences of the University of Manizales. Methods: An exploratory, diagnostic and descriptive study, with an analytical empirical approach, based on questions validated by experts and used in focus groups. The data and information obtained were structurally analyzed through ATLAS.ti, to obtain emerging categories. These were described through semantic networks, which, in a complementary way, were confronted with empirical categories. Results: The results specified that the medical profession as an occupation fundamentally attends to the conventional definition of competences, which expresses that these are know-how in context. Capabilities such as: proactivity, decision making, empathy, researched profile and communication skills were found as the most important profiles. Conclusions: The study showed the importance of guiding comprehensive medical training with a flexible program of studies, in which problematic educational processes can occur. Likewise, the relevance of the practice was evidenced(AU)

Covid-19 en Cuba: educación médica y competencias profesionales / COVID-19 in Cuba: medical education and professional competences

RESUMEN La pandemia de covid-19, producida por el SARS-Cov-2, ha traído como consecuencia la necesidad de tomar medidas que impliquen el distanciamiento social para evitar su rápida propagación. El Ministerio de Salud Pública cubano ha optado por nuevas formas de enseñanza -como la educación a distancia- y ha priorizado nuevas tareas propias del enfrentamiento a la pandemia, en las que se involucran estudiantes y docentes. El presente trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de reflexionar sobre la educación médica en este nuevo contexto y sobre la formación de competencias profesionales en el sector de la salud. La covid-19 y los cambios y adecuaciones docentes en las diferentes carreras médicas del pregrado y el posgrado, han contribuido a elevar el nivel de competencias profesionales de todo el personal. Nada volverá a ser igual luego de esta pandemia, y lo peor que podría ocurrir sería regresar a las mismas formas de enseñanza sin tomar lo positivo de estos tiempos (AU).

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2, has brought as a consequence the necessity of taking measures implying social restraining to avoid its fast spread. The Ministry of Public Health has chosen new forms of teaching -like distance education- and has given priority to new tasks that are proper to pandemic facing, in which the students and teaching staff are involved. The current work was accomplished with the objective of reflecting on medical education in this new context and on professional competences training in the field of health care. COVID-19 and the teaching changes and adaptations in the different medical pre-grade and post-grade curriculums have contributed to raise the level of all the staff professional competences. Nothing is going to be the same after this pandemic, and the worst that could occur would be to return to the same teaching forms without taking advantage of the positive things made in these times (AU).

Competencias del Grado en Pedagogía: Percepción desde el punto de vista de los egresados / Competências da Licenciatura em Pedagogia: Percepção do ponto de vista dos licenciados / Competences of the Degree in Pedagogy: Perception from the point of view of the graduates

El presente trabajo pretende evaluar el grado de adquisición y la relevancia de las competencias desarrolladas en el Grado en Pedagogía de la Universidad de Salamanca (España), así como identificar las posibles diferencias de percepción entre egresados empleados y no empleados. Tras la aplicación de un cuestionario ad hoc validado por expertos a 78 egresados y el análisis cuantitativo de los datos obtenidos, se encuentra que el nivel de adquisición y la relevancia de las competencias promovidas en la titulación se adecuan a los requerimientos del mundo socio-laboral, advirtiendo que los egresados empleados otorgan una mayor importancia a las competencias específicas, las cuales se identifican como objetivo prioritario de refuerzo en las estrategias formativas.

O presente trabalho pretende avaliar o grau de aquisição e a relevância das competências desenvolvidas na Licenciatura em Pedagogia da Universidade de Salamanca (Espanha), bem como identificar as possíveis diferenças de percepção entre graduados empregados e não-empregados. Após a aplicação de um questionário ad hoc validado por especialistas a 78 graduados e a análise quantitativa dos dados obtidos, constata-se que o nível de aquisição e a relevância das competências promovidas no diploma são adaptadas às exigências do mundo social e trabalhista, advertindo que os graduados empregados dão maior importância às competências específicas, que são identificadas como objetivo prioritário de reforço nas estratégias de treinamento.

The article aims to assess the degree of acquisition and importance of the competencies developed in the Degree in Pedagogy in the University of Salamanca (Spain), differentiating between employed and non-employed graduates. 78 graduates filled an ad-hoc questionnaire validated by experts. After the quantitative analysis of the data gathered, the results allowed us to conclude that the competences of the degree adequately fit in with the demands from the social-labour world, and that graduates who are currently employed perceive specific competences as more important. Therefore, these competences are identified as a priority target for reinforcement within educational strategies in the degree.

Formación permanente y autopercepción de competencia: un estudio con entrenadores de tenis / Continuing education and self-perception of competence: a study with tennis coaches

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo asociar la formación permanente de entrenadores con la autopercepción y la importancia atribuida al constructo - competencia profesional. La muestra fueron 69 entrenadores de tenis, que participaron de acciones de capacitación promovidas por la Federación Paranaense de Tenis, estando constituida mayormente por profesionales: con más de ocho años de experiencia profesional; con experiencia como practicante; y graduados en Educación Física. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó una ficha con variables socio demográficas y la Escala de Auto Percepción de Competencia. Los resultados indicaron que la participación en actividades/cursos no tuvo asociación significativa con la autopercepción de competencia de los entrenadores para los Conocimientos Profesionales. Para la dimensión de Habilidades Profesionales, involucrarse en actividades de capacitación se relacionó significativamente con la autopercepción de dominio, con énfasis en las habilidades relacionadas con el Planeamiento y Gestión Deportiva, y Evaluación Deportiva, habilidades consideradas centrales en el ejercicio profesional de los entrenadores. La importancia atribuida a los Conocimientos y Habilidades Profesionales fue elevada, siendo siempre superior a la autopercepción de dominio.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo associar a formação continuada dos treinadores com a autopercepção e a importância atribuída ao constructo - competência profissional. A amostra foi composta por 69 treinadores de tênis, participantes de ações de capacitação promovidas pela Federação Paranaense de Tênis constituída, majoritariamente, por profissionais: com mais de oito anos de experiência profissional; com experiência como praticante; e graduados em Educação Física. Para recolha de dados utilizou-se uma ficha contendo as variáveis sociodemográficas e a Escala de Autopercepção de Competência. Os resultados indicaram que a participação em atividades/cursos não demonstrou associação significativa com a autopercepção de competência dos treinadores para os Conhecimentos Profissionais. Para a dimensão Habilidades Profissionais, o envolvimento nessas ações relacionou-se significativamente com a autopercepção de domínio, com destaque para as habilidades relacionadas ao Planejamento e Gestão Esportiva, e Avaliação Esportiva, habilidades consideradas centrais no exercício profissional do treinador. A importância atribuída aos Conhecimentos e Habilidades Profissionais foi elevada, sendo sempre superior à autopercepção de domínio.

Abstract This study aimed to relate the continuing education of coaches and self-perception with the importance attributed to the construct of professional competence. The sample included 69 tennis coaches participating in professional training sessions promoted by the Paraná Tennis Federation, who have more than eight years of professional experience, as well as ample experience as tennis players, and a university degree in Physical Education. A chart with sociodemographic variables and the Self-Perceived Competence Scale was used to collect data. Results indicated that participation in workshops/courses showed no significant relationship with the coaches self-perceived competences for the Professional Knowledge dimension. For the Professional Skills dimension, training was significantly related to self-perceived mastery, particularly on skills related to Sports Management and Planning and Sports Assessment, which are skills considered to be crucial in the professional lives of coaches. The importance given to Knowledge and Professional Skills was not only high but was always higher than the self-perception of the domain.

Formação continuada e autopercepção de competência: um estudo com treinadores de tênis / Continuing education and self-perception of competence: a study with tennis coaches

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo associar a formação continuada dos treinadores com a autopercepção e a importância atribuída ao constructo - competência profissional. A amostra foi composta por 69 treinadores de tênis, participantes de ações de capacitação promovidas pela Federação Paranaense de Tênis constituída, majoritariamente, por profissionais: com mais de oito anos de experiência profissional; com experiência como praticante; e graduados em Educação Física. Para recolha de dados utilizou-se uma ficha contendo as variáveis sociodemográficas e a Escala de Autopercepção de Competência. Os resultados indicaram que a participação em atividades/cursos não demonstrou associação significativa com a autopercepção de competência dos treinadores para os Conhecimentos Profissionais. Para a dimensão Habilidades Profissionais, o envolvimento nessas ações relacionou-se significativamente com a autopercepção de domínio, com destaque para as habilidades relacionadas ao Planejamento e Gestão Esportiva, e Avaliação Esportiva, habilidades consideradas centrais no exercício profissional do treinador. A importância atribuída aos Conhecimentos e Habilidades Profissionais foi elevada, sendo sempre superior à autopercepção de domínio.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo asociar la formación permanente de entrenadores con la autopercepción y la importancia atribuida al constructo - competencia profesional. La muestra fueron 69 entrenadores de tenis, que participaron de acciones de capacitación promovidas por la Federación Paranaense de Tenis, estando constituida mayormente por profesionales: con más de ocho años de experiencia profesional; con experiencia como practicante; y graduados en Educación Física. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó una ficha con variables socio demográficas y la Escala de Auto Percepción de Competencia. Los resultados indicaron que la participación en actividades/cursos no tuvo asociación significativa con la autopercepción de competencia de los entrenadores para los Conocimientos Profesionales. Para la dimensión de Habilidades Profesionales, involucrarse en actividades de capacitación se relacionó significativamente con la autopercepción de dominio, con énfasis en las habilidades relacionadas con el Planeamiento y Gestión Deportiva, y Evaluación Deportiva, habilidades consideradas centrales en el ejercicio profesional de los entrenadores. La importancia atribuida a los Conocimientos y Habilidades Profesionales fue elevada, siendo siempre superior a la autopercepción de dominio.

Abstract This study aimed to relate the continuing education of coaches and self-perception with the importance attributed to the construct of professional competence. The sample included 69 tennis coaches participating in professional training sessions promoted by the Paraná Tennis Federation, who have more than eight years of professional experience, as well as ample experience as tennis players, and a university degree in Physical Education. A chart with sociodemographic variables and the Self-Perceived Competence Scale was used to collect data. Results indicated that participation in workshops/courses showed no significant relationship with the coaches self-perceived competences for the Professional Knowledge dimension. For the Professional Skills dimension, training was significantly related to self-perceived mastery, particularly on skills related to Sports Management and Planning and Sports Assessment, which are skills considered to be crucial in the professional lives of coaches. The importance given to Knowledge and Professional Skills was not only high but was always higher than the self-perception of the domain.

Manipulación política y competencia política enfermera / Political manipulation and political competences of nurses / Manipulação política e competência política de enfermeiros

Objetivo: desarrollar una reflexión acerca del debate político en la actualidad, el cual se encuentra empobrecido y dicotomizado, y la relación con la profesión y la práctica enfermera. Contenido: el debate presentado sobrepasa la política y trasciende a la vida social cotidiana, a la que permanentemente alimenta. Aspectos como el simplismo, el individualismo, la corrosión de la ciudadanía y el pensamiento único son comentados como parte de procesos de manipulación política. La enfermería, como profesión y práctica social que se ancla en principios ético-políticos y humanísticos, ha quedado al margen del debate político y tiende a tener su actuación abducida por el discurso político engañoso. Conclusión: Es un imperativo ético que enfermeras desarrollen su competencia política a fin de participar de modo activo e imprescindible en sociedades marcadas por el pluralismo de ideas y el multiculturalismo, para la prestación de cuidados dignos. Al asumir la competencia política, se puede contribuir a los cambios sociales, a partir de los cuidados, y a través de los cuidados enfermeros.

Objective: to reflect on current political debate, which is impoverished and dichotomized, and on its relation to nursing as profession and practice. Content: the debate presented goes beyond politics and transcends everyday social life, into which it feeds constantly. Factors such as simplism, individualism, the corrosion of citizenship, and one-track thinking are commented on as forming part of processes of political manipulation. Nursing, as a profession and social practice anchored in ethical, political, and humanistic principles, has been marginal to political debate, and its activities tend to be abducted by deceitful political discourse. Conclusion: it is an ethical imperative for nurses, in order to provide decent care, to develop their political skills in order to become indispensable, active participants in societies characterized by a pluralism of ideas and multiculturalism. By developing political competence, nurses can contribute to social change on the basis of care and through nursing care.

Objetivo: desenvolver reflexão sobre o debate político atual, empobrecido e dicotomizado, e a relação com a profissão e a prática de enfermagem. Conteúdo: o debate apresentado ultrapassa a política e transcende a vida social cotidiana, à qual permanentemente alimenta. Aspectos como o simplismo, o individualismo, a corrosão da cidadania e o pensamento único são comentados como parte de processos de manipulação política. A enfermagem, como profissão e prática social que se ancora em princípios ético-políticos e humanísticos, tem ficado à margem do debate político e tende a ter sua atuação abduzida pelo discurso político enganoso. Conclusão: É um imperativo ético que os enfermeiros desenvolvam sua competência política a fim de participar de modo ativo e imprescindível em sociedades marcadas pelo pluralismo de ideias e pelo multiculturalismo, para a prestação de cuidados dignos. Ao assumir a competência política, se pode contribuir para as mudanças sociais, a partir dos cuidados, e por meio dos cuidados de enfermagem.

Aspectos de las competencias profesionales en los docentes titulados en maestrías de la salud / Aspects of the professional competences in the teaching staff graduated as health masters

Introducción: La profesionalización de los docentes universitarios cobra particularmente importancia en la universidad actual. Objetivo: Diagnosticar las evidencias de las competencias profesionales de los docentes titulados en maestrías de la salud. Métodos: Se efectuó una investigación cualitativa, descriptiva y transversal, de abril a junio del 2018, de 59 docentes titulados en maestrías de la salud, pertenecientes a la Facultad de Enfermería-Tecnología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, a los que se les aplicó un test de autovaloración para determinar sus experiencias relacionadas con la especialidad de base y las manifestaciones de las competencias profesionales. Resultados: De las 4 competencias profesionales preestablecidas en los programas de maestrías de la salud, solo se pudo identificar la investigativa en las evidencias del desempeño. Igualmente, se observó que la mayoría de los profesores tenían más de 3 años de graduados como másteres y, por ende, se les consideró como "con experiencia" para ejercer las competencias. Conclusiones: Los docentes con diferentes especialidades de base reflejaron las dificultades que pudieran existir en su profesionalización, las que serán validadas en otra fase del estudio.

Introduction: Professionalization of the university teaching staff has particular importance in the current university. Objective: To diagnose the evidences of the professional competences of the teaching staff graduated as health masters. Methods: A qualitative, descriptive and cross-sectional investigation was carried out, from April to June, 2018, to 59 members of the teaching staff, belonging to the Nursing-Technology Faculty of the Medical Sciences University in Santiago de Cuba, to whom a self-evaluation test was applied to determine their experiences related to the main specialty and the professional competences manifestations. Results: Of the 4 preset professional competences in the health masters programs, just the investigative one could be identified in the evidences of their performance. Equally, it was observed that most of the professors had more than 3 years of graduate as masters and so, they were considered as "professionals with experience" to exercise the competences. Conclusions: The teaching staff with different main specialties showed the difficulties that could exist in their professionalization, which will be validated in another stage of the study.

Las competencias profesionales específicas en la formación de los especialistas en Medicina General Integral / Specific profesional competences in the training of family medicine specialists

Introducción: la formación de profesionales integrales en la educación superior es uno de los retos que enfrentan los gestores de los procesos de este nivel educacional. La formación basada en competencias constituye uno de los caminos para acercarse al logro de la calidad deseada en los egresados universitarios. Conocer las competencias profesionales específicas a desarrollar en la formación del especialista como médico general integral es muy importante por su relación con la calidad del desempeño profesional y la atención médica que brinda a la población. Objetivos: identificar y definir las competencias profesionales específicas para la formación de los especialistas en Medicina General Integral. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo tecnológico, mediante métodos teóricos, sistematizándose la obra de varios autores acerca del tema, se determinaron diferentes posiciones en relación a la formación por competencias, el desempeño profesional y los modos de actuación profesional. Resultados: se identifican y definen las competencias profesionales específicas: comunicativa; clínica; epidemiológica; en educación en salud; docente; investigativa y gerencial y los modos de actuación profesional mediante los cuales se expresan en el desempeño profesional. Conclusiones: la formación basada en el desarrollo y adquisición de las competencias profesionales específicas constituye una alternativa para mejorar la calidad de la formación dentro de la especialidad de Medicina General Integral y de la atención médica que se brinda en la atención primaria de salud(AU)

Introduction: The training of integral professionals in higher education is one of the challenges faced by the managers of the processes at this educational level. Training based on competences is one of the ways to approach the achievement of the desired quality in university graduates. Knowing the specific professional competences to be developed in the training of the family medicine specialists is very important because of its relationship with the quality of professional performance and the medical attention they provide to the population. Objective: To identify and define the specific professional competences for the training of family medicine specialists. Methods: A technological development research was carried out, by means of theoretical methods, systematizing the work on the subject by several authors, different positions were determined in relation to competence-based training, professional performance and ways of professional performance. Result: Specific professional competences are identified and defined: communicative, clinical, epidemiological in health education, teaching; investigative and managerial, and the modes of professional action through which they express themselves in professional performance. Conclusions: Training based on the development and acquisition of specific professional skills is an alternative to improve the quality of training within the specialty of family medicine and medical care provided in primary health care(AU)

Propuesta de competencias profesionales específicas para la formación de los especialistas en Medicina General Integral / Proposal of specific professional competences in the formation of specialists in General Comprehensive Medicine

Introducción: La formación por competencias en la educación de postgrado se revela desde la connotación mundial relacionada con la calidad de la preparación de los profesionales del sector de la salud. En la formación del médico general integral, es muy importante definir las competencias profesionales específicas a desarrollar por su relación con la calidad del desempeño profesional de este especialista y la atención médica que brinda a la población. Objetivo: Proponer las competencias profesionales específicas para la formación del especialista en Medicina General Integral (MGI) que mejore su desempeño profesional. Resultados: Se sistematizó la obra de varios autores sobre este tema a través del estudio histórico-lógico y el análisis documental realizado; se elaboró una propuesta de competencias profesionales específicas a desarrollar en la formación del especialista en Medicina General Integralidentificadas como comunicativa, clínica, epidemiológica, educación en salud, docente, investigativa y gerencial que posibiliten mejoría en el desempeño profesional y humano de estos especialistas. Conclusiones: Esta investigación ofrece con estos resultados, una posible solución a los problemas que se manifiestan en el proceso de formación en las especialidades, particularmente, en la de Medicina General Integral y su impacto en el desempeño profesional de los sujetos que la cursan, al profundizar en el proceso de formación por competencias profesionales específicas de los médicos en Cuba(AU)

Introduction: Competence formation in postgraduate education, from a worldwide connotation, is related to the quality of the health care professional skills. It is very important to define the specific professional competences the general comprehensive doctors need to develop in their formation because of these doctors´ relation to the quality of their professional performance, and the medical care given to the population. Objective: To propose specific professional competences in the formation of specialists in General Comprehensive Medicine, which contribute to the improvement of their professional performance. Results:The work of several authors on this topic was systematized through a historical-logical study, and a document analysis; a proposal of specific professional competences to develop in the formation of specialists in General Comprehensive Medicine was made. These competences were identified as communicative, clinical, epidemiological, health education, teaching, investigative, and managerial, which can make possible an improvement in the human and professional performance of these specialists. Conclusions: The results of this research give a possible solution to the problems that arise within the formation process of some specialties, particularly, the General Comprehensive Medicine, and refers to its impact on the professional performance of the individuals that study it, when going in depth into the formation process of specific professional competences of Cuban doctors(AU)

Competencias de acceso y desempeño del trabajo para los graduados en Pedagogía / Competências de acesso e desempenho no trabalho para os graduados em Pedagogia / Competencies of access and work performance for graduates in Pedagogy

Este artículo analiza qué competencias son necesarias en la contratación y el ejercicio profesional de los graduados en Pedagogía en Cataluña (España). Se ha realizado una investigación descriptiva-comprensiva de enfoque mixto. Se ha pasado una encuesta a 519 graduados y entrevistado a 26 profesionales. Se concluye la importancia de las competencias transversales tanto para la transición desde la universidad al mercado laboral, como en el desempeño laboral en el puesto de trabajo. Específicamente las interpersonales y sistémicas, que ayudan a mejorar las relaciones con los demás y adaptarte a las situaciones del entorno. De los tres ámbitos de actuación (educativo, comunitario y empresarial) los profesionales del empresarial señalan, en mayor medida, la necesidad de la polivalencia para el siglo XXI.

Este artigo analisa quais as competências necessárias na contratação e na prática profissional dos graduados em Pedagogia da Catalunha (Espanha). Foi realizada uma pesquisa descritivo-compreensiva de enfoque misto. Se aplicou um questionário a 519 graduados e se entrevistou a 26 profissionais. Como conclusão se ressalta a importância das competências transversais tanto na transição da universidade para o mercado de trabalho, como para o desempenho profissional. Especificamente interpessoais e sistêmicos, que ajudam a melhorar as relações com os outros e se adaptar às situações ambientais. Das três áreas de atuação (educacionais, comunitárias e empresariais), os profissionais no contexto empresarial destacam, em maior medida, a necessidade de versatilidade para o século XXI.

This article analyzes what competencies are necessary in the recruitment and professional practice of graduates in Pedagogy in Catalonia (Spain). A descriptive-comprehensive research with a mixed approach has been carried out. A survey was conducted to 519 graduates and 26 professionals were interviewed. The work concludes the importance of cross-disciplinary skills for both the transition from the university to the labor market, as well as job performance in the workplace. Specifically interpersonal and systemic skills, which help improve relationships with others and adapt to environmental situations. Of the three areas of action (educational, community and business) business professionals point out, to a greater extent, the need for versatility for the 21st century.

Modelo del especialista en Medicina Intensiva y Emergencias por competencias profesionales / A model of the intensive care and emergency medicine specialist based on professional competences

Introducción: el desempeño profesional del especialista en medicina intensiva y emergencia en la actualidad está dado por el incremento del perfil ocupacional y los escenarios laborales, que provoca el desarrollo de funciones y competencias profesionales diferentes a las del currículo. Objetivo: diseñar un modelo del especialista en medicina intensiva y emergencia que contribuyan a su desempeño en los servicios, en correspondencia con el perfil profesional actual de la especialidad en Cuba. Métodos: investigación de desarrollo, prospectiva y propositiva que se efectuó sobre la base de funciones y competencias identificadas en estudios anteriores. Se utilizaron indagaciones teóricas y empíricas, mediante grupo de discusión y método Delphi con expertos seleccionados. Resultados: se definieron las características y principios en el modelo propuesto, se sustentaron en fundamentos de varias ciencias, se identificaron sus relaciones internas y externas; se evidencian relaciones entre las actividades de formación, el cumplimiento de funciones y competencias profesionales con su desempeño en los servicios. El modelo posee carácter sistémico, flexible, permite ser modificado en función de la solución de problemas ante las necesidades de la sociedad. Promueve transformaciones en el comportamiento de residentes y especialistas. Se valida teóricamente por dos grupos de expertos. Conclusiones: se diseña un modelo científico del especialista en medicina intensiva y emergencia por competencias profesionales que contribuye al perfeccionamiento del perfil profesional, la educación en el trabajo, la integración docente-asistencial-investigativa, la educación tutorial del residente, a estimular la educación continuada posgraduada y a lograr un mejor desempeño en los servicios(AU)

Introduction: The current professional performance of the intensive care and emergency medicine specialist is given by the broadening of the occupational profile and working settings, which causes the development of functions and professional competences different from those in the curriculum. Objective: To design a model of the intensive care and emergency medicine specialist that contributes to the performance at services, in correspondence with the current professional profile of such specialty in Cuba. Methods: Developmental, prospective and propositive research carried out upon the base of functions and competences identified in previous studies. We used theoretical and empirical insights, through discussion group and the Delphi method with selected experts. Results: The characteristics and principles were defined in the proposed model. They were based on foundations given by several sciences. Their internal and external relations were identified. We perceived relationships between the training activities, the fulfillment of professional functions, and the competences with their performance in services. The model has a systemic, flexible character, allows to be modified according to the solution of problems considering the needs of the society. It promotes transformations in the behavior of residents and specialists. It is theoretically validated by two groups of experts. Conclusions: A scientific model of the intensive care and emergency medicine specialist is designed, based upon professional competences, and which contributes to the improvement of the professional profile, education at work, the integration of teaching, care delivery and investigation, and the tutor-related education of the resident, in order to stimulate ongoing postgraduate education and to achieve a better performance at services(AU)

Contextos para definição de competências profissionaisaos que atuam na área internacional da saúde / Contexts for defining professional skills to working in international health

Este estudo analisa os contextos para definição de competências profissionais para aqueles que atuam na área internacional da saúde, a partir das funções essenciais das competências. Estas subsidiam a análise da estrutura organizacional, de pessoal, as inter-relações com outras instituições, seus objetivos, os campos de conhecimento e a possibilidade de avaliação desses atores. A problematização dos termos competência, saúde global, diplomacia da saúde e Força de Trabalho em Saúde, por outro lado, permitem contextualizar o campo teórico de atuação do objeto deste estudo, produzindo reflexões a serem ponderadas na definição dessas competências. Conclui-se que vários aspectos da área internacional do Ministério da Saúde necessitam ser trabalhados para fornecer as ferramentas necessárias que assegurem um ambiente favorável ao desenvolvimento dessas competências profissionais...

This study analysis the contexts to define professional competence to those who work in the health international area, within the essential functions of competence. Those competences support the analyses of the organizational and personnel structure, the interrelation with other institutions, their objectives, the knowledge areas, and the possibility of evaluating those actors. The problematization of the terms competence, global health, health diplomacy, and Health Workforce allows the contextualization of the theoretical field of object of study, generating reflections to be taken into account in defining those competences. It concludes that several aspects of the international area of the Ministry of Health of Brazil need to be better worked out in order to provide the necessary tools that ensure a supportive environment to the development of those professional competences...

Modelos pedagógicos y formación de profesionales en el área de la salud / Pedagogical models and the formation of healthcare professionals

Introducción: la formación de profesionales en salud tiene fundamento pedagógico y epistemológico para dar servicio al paciente y la comunidad. Objetivos: presentar un análisis de las relaciones entre las competencias profesionales por desarrollar y la formación de profesionales en el área de la salud. Exponer el concepto de modelos pedagógicos, los lineamientos de la formación profesional, particularmente en especialidades médicas, mediante la relación docencia-servicio y el aprendizaje basado en problemas. Métodos: investigación documental, búsqueda de literatura científica publicada en español e inglés, en las bases de datos como Medline, Redalyc, SciELO, Google, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, centros de referencia y libros mediante las palabras clave. Resultados: se conceptualiza la formación por competencias de profesionales en las ciencias de la salud, se detallan las competencias de profesionales genéricas o transversales y específicas; los alcances y las limitaciones actuales de la formación y se exponen cuatro experiencias de formación basada en competencias. Conclusiones: la formación de profesionales en ciencias de la salud debe conducir a la graduación de profesionales autónomos y críticos con profesionalismo que en su práctica demuestren competencias profesionales transversales y específicas; éstas se evalúan permanentemente en la relación con cada paciente; para alcanzar lo anterior es indispensable la formación pedagógica de docentes y la concienciación de directivos y entes gubernamentales. Los currículos tienen un componente nuclear y otro flexible que permiten el desarrollo de las potencialidades de cada estudiante por medio del método del aprendizaje basado en problemas con casos clínicos en la relación docencia-servicio y en equipo interdisciplinario. (Acta Med Colomb 2011; 36: 204-218).

Introduction: the formation of health professionals has pedagogical and epistemological back-ground to serve the patient and the community. Objectives: to present an analysis of the relationship between professional competences to de-velop and professional formation in the area of health. Discuss the concept of pedagogical models; guidelines for professional formation, particularly in the medical specialties, through teaching-service relationship and problems-based learning. Methods: systematic search of published literature in Spanish and English in databases such as Medline, SciELO, Google, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, reference centers, and books with the keywords. Results: was conceptualized the formation of professional competences in the area of health, detailing the generic or transversal and specific professional competences, the scope and limitations of current formation and four experience of competency-based education. Conclusions: the professionals formation in health sciences should lead to the graduation of autonomous and critical professional with professionalism in their practice and they should demonstrate specific and transversal professional competences; which are continually assessed the relationship with each patient to achieve this is essential pedagogical formation of professors and consciousness of directors and government. The curricula have a nuclear and a flexible component that allows the development of the potentialities of each student by the method of problem-based learning with clinical cases in the relationship teaching-service and interdisciplinary team. (Acta Med Colomb 2011; 36: 204-218).

Representações dos profissionais do desporto acerca do conceito de competência profissional / Representations of the sport workers over the concept of professional competence

O campo de intervenção do profissional do desporto tem vindo a alargar-se e, concomitantemente, a complexificar-se. As ocupações tradicionais adstritas ao ensino e ao treino sofreram metamorfoses, aumentando as dificuldades de conceitualização de competência profissional. Neste estudo, procura-se identificar o conceito que os profissionais do desporto denotam de profissional competente, na persecução da identificação de um mapa conceitual transversal às quatro áreas ocupacionais consideradas: Educação Física, Treino, Atividade Física Adaptada e "Fitness". Foram entrevistados 120 profissionais (30 de cada área ocupacional) sobre o conceito de competência e de profissional competente. Na análise dos dados, utilizaram-se procedimentos de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados são ilustrativos da frágil conceitualização que ainda caracteriza o campo do profissional do desporto. Identificam-se, contudo, traços comuns que apontam para a busca de uma unidade identitária centrada na competência de conhecimento e ética coadjuvada pela competência pessoal e social em estreita articulação com a competência funcional, sendo que as metacompetências e a motivação são fatores valorizados, os quais assumem a função de sustentação da competência profissional.

The intervention field of the sports professional has become broader and more complex. Traditional occupations related to education and coaching have transformed and increased, bringing more difficulties to the already difficult conceptualization of professional competence. In this study we tried to understand the conception of professional competence that sports professionals have in the pursuit of identifying a conceptual map across the four occupational areas: Physical Education, Coaching, Fitness and Adapted Physical Activity. We interviewed 120 professionals (30 of each occupational area) about the understanding of competence and competent professional. Data analysis used procedures of content analysis. The results show us the fragile structure that still characterizes the field of the sports professional, although common traits come to the surface, starting to reveal a unique identity centred on knowledge and ethics competence seconded by personal and social competence in close connection with functional competence. Meta-competencies and motivation are highly valued factors and act as warrants of professional competence.

Competências do enfermeiro: estudo em um hospital privado / Competencias de enfermeros: estudio en un hospital privado / Competencies of nurses: study in a private hospital

Este estudo objetivou analisar como se encontram configuradas as competências gerenciais, exigidas e efetivas, dos enfermeiros de um hospital da rede privada em Belo Horizonte-MG, na percepção dos enfermeiros e de outras categorias da Enfermagem. Nesta pesquisa de campo, descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa, os dados foram coletados por meio de levantamento documental e entrevistas, os quais foram submetidos à análise documental e de conteúdo, respectivamente. Considerando-se as diversas fontes de dados utilizadas, observou-se que diferentes papéis e competências são exigidos e efetivamente realizados pelos enfermeiros, levando a questionamentos relativos às suas competências gerenciais. Ao final, foram apontadas limitações do estudo e sugestões de pesquisas futuras.

The purpose of this study was to analyze how are configured the management competences, required and effectives, of nurses who work in a private hospital in Belo Horizonte-MG, according to the perception of nurses and other nursing categories professionals. In this field research, a descriptive one, with a quantitative approach, data were collected through a documentary survey and interviews and submitted, respectively, to documental and content analysis. Taking into consideration the several data sources that were utilized, it was observed that the different roles and competences are required and effectively performed by the nurses, leading to further questions related to their management competences. Limitations of the study were pointed as well as suggestions for further researches.

El propósito de este estudio fue analizar cómo se configuran las competencias de gerenciamiento, necesarias y efectivas, de los enfermeros que trabajan en un hospital privado de Belo Horizonte-MG, de acuerdo con la percepción de estos enfermeros y otras categorías de Enfermería. En esta investigación de campo, del tipo descriptivo, con enfoque cuantitativo, los datos fueron recogidos mediante encuesta documental y entrevistas, y sometidas, respectivamente, a análisis documental y de contenido. Teniendo en cuenta las diferentes fuentes de datos que fueran utilizadas, se observó que diferentes papéis y competencias son requeridos y efectivamente realizados por los enfermeros, lo que lleva a otras preguntas relativas a sus competencias gerenciales. Al final, son señaladas las limitaciones del estudio, así como sugerencias para investigaciones posteriores.

Necessidades de formação para o exercício profissional na perspectiva do treinador de Futebol em função da sua experiência e nível de formação / Training needs for professional practice in the perspective of the football coach according to its experience and level of education

O objetivo do presente estudo consistiu no reconhecimento das necessidades de formação das competências profissionais de treinadores de Futebol em função dos anos de experiência profissional e da formação federativa. A amostra foi constituída por 81 treinadores portugueses. A recolha dos dados foi realizada através da aplicação de um questionário após validação de construção e de conteúdo. Como procedimentos estatísticos, recorremos ao teste paramétrico One-Way ANOVA para a comparação entre dois grupos e para mais de dois grupos foram estimados os Post-Hocs com recurso ao teste de Tukey. Os resultados mostraram que os treinadores com formação federativa mais elevada, níveis II e III, reconhecem menores necessidades de formação que os treinadores sem formação nas áreas do Treino, Competição e Papel de Formador. Por sua vez, os treinadores mais experientes reconheceram menores necessidades de formação nos domínios do Treino, da Gestão Desportiva e do Papel de Formador em relação aos menos experientes.

The aim of the present study consisted in the recognition of Football coaches’ perceptions of training needs related to the professional competences according to their experience and level of certification, as coach. A sample of 81 Portuguese coaches answered a questionnaire applied after its construction and content validation. The statistical procedure used was One-Way ANOVA to make comparison between two groups and the Tukey' test for post-hoc comparisons. The results showed that the coaches with the highest level of certification, levels II and III, recognized lower training needs than coaches without certification in the areas of Training, Competition and Coach Education. Moreover, the more experienced coaches recognized, also, lower training needs than less experienced coaches in the areas of Training, Sport Management and Coach Education.

Competencias académicas y profesionales del psicólogo / The psychologist academic and professional competences

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo identificar cuáles son las competencias académicas y profesionales de los estudiantes y egresados de Psicología de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali. Participaron 98 estudiantes matriculados en el programa académico de Psicología, que cursaban entre séptimo y décimo semestre; además, se contó con 21 psicólogos egresados de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Cali. Se lograron identificar, a partir de los resultados, los niveles de autopercepción en las competencias de estudiantes y egresados a partir de los campos de acción como Clínica, Educativa, Organizacional, Investigación, Evaluación Psicológica y otras áreas. Se concluyó que la competencia de mayor relevancia tanto en estudiantes como egresados está en el área Organizacional, por la elección del campo de formación y el área de desempeño actual.

The aim of this study is to identify what are the academic and professional competences of psychology students and graduates of the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana of Cali city. The sample was 98 seventh and eighth college semester students of the psychology program and 21 graduates from the same program. The results show that the levels of self perception of competences of students and graduates were identified concerning areas such as clinical, educational, and organizational psychology, research, assessment in psychology and others. It is conclude that the more relevant competence, for students and graduates, is in the organizational area, because of the selection of the training field and the actual area of performance.